From Wikipedia Online
Malala Yousafzai S.St (Malālah Yūsafzay: Urdu:
ملالہ یوسفزئی; Pashto:
ملاله یوسفزۍ
[məˈlaːlə
jusəf ˈzəj]; born 12 July
1997) is a Pakistani activist for female
education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize
laureate. She is known mainly for human rights advocacy for education and for women
in her native Swat Valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of northwest
Pakistan, where the local Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school.
Yousafzai's advocacy has since grown into an international movement.Her family runs a chain of schools in the region. In early 2009, when she was 11–12, Yousafzai wrote a blog under a pseudonym for the BBC detailing her life under Taliban occupation, their attempts to take control of the valley, and her views on promoting education for girls in the Swat Valley. The following summer, journalist Adam B. Ellick made a New York Times documentary about her life as the Pakistani military intervened in the region. Yousafzai rose in prominence, giving interviews in print and on television, and she was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by South African activist Desmond Tutu.
On the afternoon of October 9, 2012, Yousafzai boarded her school bus in the northwest Pakistani district of Swat. A gunman asked for her by name, then pointed a pistol at her and fired three shots. One bullet hit the left side of Yousafzai's forehead, travelled under her skin through the length of her face, and then went into her shoulder. In the days immediately following the attack, she remained unconscious and in critical condition, but later her condition improved enough for her to be sent to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, England, for intensive rehabilitation. On 12 October, a group of 50 Islamic clerics in Pakistan issued a fatwā against those who tried to kill her, but the Taliban reiterated their intent to kill Yousafzai and her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai. The assassination attempt sparked a national and international outpouring of support for Yousafzai. Deutsche Welle wrote in January 2013 that Yousafzai may have become "the most famous teenager in the world."United Nations Special Envoy for Global Education Gordon Brown launched a UN petition in Yousafzai's name, demanding that all children worldwide be in school by the end of 2015; it helped lead to the ratification of Pakistan's first Right to Education Bill.
The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured Yousafzai as one of "The 100 Most Influential People in the World". She was the winner of Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize, and the recipient of the 2013 Sakharov Prize. In July that year, she spoke at the headquarters of the United Nations to call for worldwide access to education, and in October the Government of Canada announced its intention that its parliament confer Honorary Canadian citizenship upon Yousafzai. In February 2014, she was nominated for the World Children's Prize in Sweden. Even though she was fighting for women's rights as well as children's rights, she did not describe herself as feminist when asked on Forbes Under 30 Summit in 2014. In 2015, however, Yousafzai told Emma Watson she decided to call herself a feminist after hearing Watson's speech at the UN launching the HeForShe campaign. In May 2014, Yousafzai was granted an honorary doctorate by the University of King's College in Halifax. Later in 2014, Yousafzai was announced as the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Kailash Satyarthi, for her struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education. Aged 17 at the time, Yousafzai became the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. She was the subject of Oscar-shortlisted 2015 documentary He Named Me Malala.
Since March 2013, she has been a pupil at the all-girls' Edgbaston High School in Birmingham, England. On 20 August 2015, she achieved a string of A's and A*s in her GCSE exams.
Childhood
Malala Yousafzai was born on 12 July
1997 in the Swat District of Pakistan's northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, into a Sunni Muslim family of Pashtun
ethnicity. She was given her first name Malala (meaning
"grief-stricken") after Malalai of Maiwand, a famous Pushtu poetess and
warrior woman from southern Afghanistan. Her last name, Yousafzai, is that of a large Pashtun
tribal confederation that is predominant in Pakistan's Swat Valley,
where she grew up. At her house in Mingora,
she lived with her two younger brothers, her parents, Ziauddin and Tor Pekai,
and two pet chickens.
Fluent in Pashto,
English, and Urdu,
Yousafzai was educated in large part by her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, who is a poet, school
owner, and an educational activist himself, running a
chain of private schools known as the Khushal Public School. She once stated to
an interviewer that she would like to become a doctor, though later her father
encouraged her to become a politician instead. Ziauddin referred to his
daughter as something entirely special, permitting her to stay up at night and
talk about politics after her two brothers had been sent to bed.
Yousafzai started speaking about
education rights as early as September 2008, when her father took her to Peshawar
to speak at the local press club. "How dare the Taliban take
away my basic right to education?" Yousafzai asked her audience in a
speech covered by newspapers and television channels throughout the region.
In 2009, Yousafzai began as a
trainee and then a peer educator in the Institute for War and Peace Reporting's
Open Minds Pakistan youth programme, which worked in schools in the region to
help young people engage in constructive discussion on social issues through
the tools of journalism, public debate and dialogue.
As
a BBC blogger
In late 2008, Aamer Ahmed Khan of
the BBC Urdu website and his colleagues came up
with a novel way of covering the Taliban's growing influence in Swat.
They decided to ask a schoolgirl to blog anonymously about her life there.
Their correspondent in Peshawar, Abdul Hai Kakar, had been in touch with a local
school teacher, Ziauddin Yousafzai, but couldn't find any students willing to
do it. It was considered too dangerous by their families. Finally, Yousafzai
suggested his own daughter, 11-year-old Malala. At the time, Taliban militants
led by Maulana Fazlullah were taking over the Swat
Valley, banning television, music, girls' education, and women from going
shopping. Bodies of beheaded policemen were being hung in town squares. At
first, a girl named Aisha from her father's school agreed to write a diary, but
then the girl's parents stopped her from doing it because they feared Taliban
reprisals. The only alternative was Yousafzai, four years younger than the
original volunteer, and in seventh grade at the time. Editors at the BBC
unanimously agreed.
"We had been covering the violence and politics in
Swat in detail but we didn't know much about how ordinary people lived under
the Taliban," Mirza Waheed, the former editor of BBC Urdu, said. Because
they were concerned about Yousafzai's safety, BBC editors insisted that she use
a pseudonym. Her blog was published under the byline "Gul Makai"
("cornflower" in Urdu), a name taken from a
character in a Pashtun folktale.
“I had a terrible dream yesterday
with military helicopters and the Taliban. I have had such dreams since the
launch of the military operation in Swat. My mother made me breakfast and I
went off to school. I was afraid going to school because the Taliban had issued
an edict banning all girls from attending schools.
Only 11 out of 27 pupils attended
the class because the number decreased because of the Taliban's edict. My three
friends have shifted to Peshawar, Lahore and Rawalpindi with their families
after this edict.” Malala Yousafzai, 3 January 2009 BBC
“It
seems that it is only when dozens of schools have been destroyed and hundreds
others closed down that the army thinks about protecting them. Had they
conducted their operations here properly, this situation would not have arisen.” Malala
Yousafzai,
24 January 2009 BBC
Early activism
Following the documentary, Yousafzai was interviewed on the national Pashto-language station AVT Khyber, the Urdu-language Daily Aaj, and Canada's Toronto Star. She made a second appearance on Capital Talk on 19 August 2009. Her BBC blogging identity was being revealed in articles by December 2009. She also began appearing on television to publicly advocate for female education.In October 2011, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a South African activist, nominated Yousafzai for the International Children's Peace Prize of the Dutch international children's advocacy group KidsRights Foundation. She was the first Pakistani girl to be nominated for the award. The announcement said, "Malala dared to stand up for herself and other girls and used national and international media to let the world know girls should also have the right to go to school". The award was won by Michaela Mycroft of South Africa.
Her public profile rose even further when she was awarded Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize two months later in December. On 19 December 2011, Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani awarded her the National Peace Award for Youth. At the proceedings in her honour, Yousafzai stated that she was not a member of any political party, but hoped to found a national party of her own to promote education. The prime minister directed the authorities to set up an IT campus in the Swat Degree College for Women at Yousafzai's request, and a secondary school was renamed in her honour. By 2012, Yousafzai was planning to organise the Malala Education Foundation, which would help poor girls go to school.
United
Nations petition
On 15 October 2012, UN Special Envoy
for Global Education Gordon Brown, a former British Prime Minister, visited Yousafzai
while she was in the hospital,[88]
and launched a petition in her name and "in support of what Malala fought
for".[89]
Using the slogan "I am Malala", the petition's main demand was that
there be no child left out of school by 2015, with the hope that "girls
like Malala everywhere will soon be going to school".[90]
Brown said he would hand the petition to President Zardari in Islamabad
in November.[89]
The petition contains three demands:
- We call on Pakistan to agree to a plan to deliver education for every child.
- We call on all countries to outlaw discrimination against girls.
- We call on international organisations to ensure the world's 61 million out-of-school children are in education by the end of 2015.
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